液晶材料的光学测试和光学应用是液晶物理的主要研究手段和应用领域。所以液晶的光学研究方法也是随着液晶学科研究的逐步深入而不断发展, 并反过来又推动液晶这一诱人学科进入更加色彩绚丽的胜景。本综述主要是以液晶这一学科发展的历史纵向为轴线, 介绍和评述了在液晶研究领域中, 诸多常规的以单体晶体光学为基础的光学研究方法、原理、应用以及液晶物理研究中的局限和错误。考虑大多实际测试和应用中液晶材料是锚泊和局限在液晶盒中, 本综述着重介绍了以多层各向同性-各向异性介质薄膜系统为基础的液晶光学研究方法, 以正确地描述液晶(盒)的光学测试和响应。其中, 以现代光学为基础发展起来的光导波技术、光学表面波技术及它们之间的相互作用及耦合影响、液晶材料对其调制及应用等等, 都作了较为详细地介绍和比较。近年刚刚开拓发展的, 作为有机各向异性材料的液晶与无机各向异性材料的异型金属纳米颗粒的有序混合物, 在液晶(盒)器件中的表现及应用前景和对于光学测试及表征的的挑战, 也加以介绍和讨论。
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Abstract
Optical measurements and the optical application of liquid crystal materials are the main research techniques and areas of practical implementation in liquid crystal physics. It follows that, just as the optical methods for studying liquid crystals continually advance in step with widening comprehensions and deepening understandings in the discipline of liquid crystals, so those optical methods themselves drive the fascinating study of liquid crystals to evermore spectacular outlooks. Travelling along the timeline of developments in the liquid crystal field, this review introduces and analyses certain standard optical techniques found in liquid crystal research that are based upon a single crystal model, including a consideration of their principles, applications, limitations and fallacies. Further, in view of how liquid crystal materials are anchored and limited to a thin cell gap during most incidences of optical measurements and applications, this review focuses on introducing a technique of liquid crystal optics based upon a multi-layered system of anisotropic-isotropic films, which correctly describes the optical measurement and response of liquid crystal cells. Also included are detailed introductions to and comparisons of recent developments in modern optics, such as optical guided waves and optical surface waves, their interactions, coupling influences, modulation by liquid crystals, and their applications, etc. Finally, this review introduces and discusses a very recently developed material — that composed of an ordered mixture of liquid crystals, an organic anisotropic material, and metallic non-spherical nano-particles, an inorganic anisotropic material — its behaviour in liquid crystal cells, its potential applications, and the challenge it presents to optical measurements and modelling.
补充资料
中图分类号：O469;O43
DOI：10.3788/yjyxs20163101.0001
所属栏目：特邀报告
基金项目：清华大学科研发展基金(No.120050121)
收稿日期：2015-11-11
修改稿日期：2015-12-13
网络出版日期：--
作者单位 点击查看
杨傅子：清华大学 化学系, 北京 100084
联系人作者：杨傅子(yangfz@tsinghua.edu.cn)
备注：杨傅子(1945-), 男, 浙江上虞人, 博士, 教授, 主要从事薄膜光学物理、液晶物理及液晶光学的研究。
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